Extensive studies on composting were initiated in India. In agricultural world, utilization of human and animal wastes has great importance. Microorganisms respire two-third of carbon as CO2, and one-third combines with nitrogen in living cell, and huge amount of heat energy is released as end product of aerobic decomposition as compared to anaerobic process. The C/N ratio is the most important factor for decomposition, especially aerobic decomposition.
Microbial community leads the processes of both aerobic and anaerobic composting and converts wastes to a stable form of nutrients. Anthropogenic control and utilization of the process for sanitary disposal and reclamation of organic waste material have been termed composting and the final product is named compost. Decomposition followed by stabilization of organic substances by biological actions has been taking place in nature from the very beginning of life appeared on our planet.
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